Vehicle authorization based on near field communication

ABSTRACT

In an approach for automated vehicle authorization. A processor receives a first set of credentials from at least a first near field communication device, wherein the first set of credentials indicates information about a person. A processor receives a second set of credentials from at least a second near field communication device, wherein the second set of credentials indicates information about a vehicle. A processor compares the first set of credentials to the second set of credentials. A processor determines whether the person indicated by the first set of credentials has authority to operate the vehicle, based on, at least, the comparison of the first set of credentials to the second set of credentials.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates generally to vehicle authorization and inparticular to near field communication associated with different devicesof the vehicle and operator.

Near field communication is a set of ideas and technology that enablessmart phones and other devices to establish radio communication witheach other by touching the devices together or bringing them intoproximity to a distance. Near field communication standards covercommunications protocols and data exchange formats and are based onexisting radio-frequency identification standards including ISO/IEC14443 and FeliCa.

Individual states and countries may require different types of vehiclesto be registered, inspected, and/or covered by insurance as well asrequire each driver to have a valid driver's license. These requirementsfor operating a vehicle are monitored by either the driver, the police,or a governing authority to make sure the information is up-to-date andvalid. This process requires a deal of manual work on behalf of theparties involved.

SUMMARY

Aspects of an embodiment of the present invention disclose an approachfor automated vehicle authorization. In one embodiment, a processorreceives a first set of credentials from at least a first near fieldcommunication device, wherein the first set of credentials indicatesinformation about a person. In one embodiment, a processor receives asecond set of credentials from at least a second near fieldcommunication device, wherein the second set of credentials indicatesinformation about a vehicle. In one embodiment, a processor compares thefirst set of credentials to the second set of credentials. In oneembodiment, a processor determines whether the person indicated by thefirst set of credentials has authority to operate the vehicle, based on,at least, the comparison of the first set of credentials to the secondset of credentials.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram depicting a computing environment, inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 depicts a flowchart of the operational step taken by anauthorization program to detect and process a request to start avehicle, within computing environment 100 of FIG. 1, in accordance withan embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 depicts a flowchart of the operational step taken by anauthorization program to determine if the request is valid to start avehicle, within computing environment 100 of FIG. 1, in accordance withan embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram depicting the internal and externalcomponents of the server of FIG. 1, in accordance with one embodiment ofthe present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, aspects of the presentinvention may be embodied as a system, method or computer programproduct. Accordingly, aspects of the present invention may take the formof an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment(including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or anembodiment combining software and hardware aspects may generally bereferred to herein as a “circuit” or “system.” Furthermore, aspects ofthe present invention may take the form of a computer program productembodied in one or more computer readable medium(s) having computerreadable program code/instructions embodied thereon.

Embodiments of the present invention disclose an approach fordetermining if a request to start a vehicle has the proper validationthrough individual near field communication devices for receiving and/orsending information. Once embodiments of the present invention verifyproper validation, the vehicle may be used by the operator. If propervalidation is not verified, embodiments of the present inventionimmobilize the vehicle unless necessary override information isprovided.

The present invention will now be described in detail with reference tothe Figures.

FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of computing environment 100 inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 providesan illustration of one embodiment and does not imply any limitationsregarding computing environment 100 in which different embodiments maybe implemented. In the depicted embodiment, computing environment 100includes, but is not limited to, network 102, server 104, and vehiclecomputing device 108 (which is a computing device located within vehicle106). Computing environment 100 may include additional computingdevices, servers, computers, components, or additional devices notshown. It should be appreciated that FIG. 1 provides only anillustration of one implementation and does not imply any limitationswith regard to the environments in which different embodiments may beimplemented. Many modifications to the depicted environment may be made.

Network 102 may be a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN)such as the Internet, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), anycombination thereof, or any combination of connections and protocolssupport communications between server 104 and vehicle computing device108, in accordance with embodiments of the invention. Network 102 mayinclude wired, wireless, or fiber optic connections.

Server 104 may be a management server, a web server, or additionalelectronic device or computing system capable of processing programinstructions and receiving and sending data. In some embodiments, server104 may be a laptop computer, tablet computer, netbook computer,personal computer (PC), desktop computer, or any programmable electronicdevice capable of communicating with vehicle computing device 108 vianetwork 102. In additional embodiments, server 104 may represent aserver computing system utilizing multiple computers as a server system,such as in a cloud computing environment. In additional embodiments,server 104 represents a computing system utilizing clustered computersand nodes to act as a single pool of seamless resources. In the depictedembodiment, server 104 includes authorization program 110 and database114. In additional embodiments, server 104 may include additionalprograms, storage devices, or components.

Vehicle 106 is a mobile machine which transports people or cargo.Examples of vehicle 106 are, but not limited to automobiles,motorcycles, trucks or buses. In the depicted embodiment, vehicle 106includes vehicle computing device 108. In additional embodiments,vehicle 106 includes additional programs, storage devices, orcomponents.

Vehicle computing device 108 may be any programmable electronic devicelocated within vehicle 106 and capable of communicating with server 104via network 102. In some embodiments, vehicle computing device 108 cancontrol aspects of vehicle 106, such as, but not limited to, locking andunlocking doors, starting or stopping vehicle 106, and preventing orallowing an operator from starting or otherwise using vehicle 106. Inadditional embodiments, vehicle computing device 108 may be anyelectronic device or computing system capable of sending and receivingdata, and communicating with server 104, authorization program 110, anddatabase 114 via network 102. In the depicted embodiment, vehiclecomputing device 108 includes detection program 113 and database 116 andmay include additional programs, storage devices, or components.

Detection program 113 receives information from near field communicationdevices (NFC) such as, for example, insurance documents, license plates,inspection documents, driver's licenses or driver's documents, andadditional forms of identification which are equipped with a radiofrequency identification (RFID), or other NFC device. In additionalembodiments, detection program 113 may receive and send informationto/from a computing device such as a smart phone or a tablet whichincludes information indicating, for example, insurance, license plate,inspection, driver's license or driver's documents, and/or additionalforms of identification. In the depicted embodiment, detection program113 is located on vehicle computing device 108. Detection program 113also is able to communicate with server 104, authorization program 110,and database 114, and may be capable of communicating with additionaldevices, components, and programs, not shown, via network 102.

Authorization program 110 controls the authorization process to allow adriver to operate vehicle 106. The authorization process has severalchecks to determine if vehicle 106 is insured, registered, inspected,and otherwise safe to drive. This may encourage owners to keep up withappropriate renewals for license, registration, inspection, andinsurance, as well as allow police officers to quickly check a motoristduring a traffic stop. Authorization program 110 may be used inconjunction with a key-less start of a car's ignition system (with, forexample, a Smart Fob or Smart Phone Application). In some embodiments,the authorization process also requires a driver to have a validdriver's license and also be preapproved to operate vehicle 106.Authorization program 110 communicates with vehicle computing device 108via network 102. In one embodiment, authorization program 110 storesinformation regarding vehicle 106 and the driver in database 114,database 116, or another repository. In the depicted embodiment,authorization program 110 resides on server 104. In additionalembodiments, authorization program 110 resides on another server orcomputing devices, provided authorization program 110 may accessdatabase 114, and vehicle computing device 108.

In some embodiments, an additional measure, a biometric confirmation, isemployed within authorization program 110 to perform biometricrecognition. Biometrics refers to technologies which measure and analyzehuman body characteristics, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA),fingerprints, eye retinas and irises, voice patterns, facial patternsand hand measurements, for authentication purposes. In one embodiment,there is an override if vehicle 106 and the driver do not meet therequirements to otherwise operate vehicle 106. The override is used toallow a driver to operate vehicle 106 without the proper identificationand verification. In another embodiment, there is an emergency exceptionto the authorization process. In one embodiment, authorization program110 matches the driver's license photo with a snapshot of a driver'sface while the driver is sitting behind the wheel of vehicle 106. Onlyafter a positive match of the driver's license photo to the snapshot ofthe driver's face, via facial recognition techniques, would the driverto be able to operate vehicle 106. In additional embodiments, multipleauthorized drivers may be programmed into vehicle computing device 108so multiple drivers may operate vehicle 106. In some embodiments, theinformation is stored within vehicle computing device 108 in database116, in case, for example, vehicle computing device 108 cannotcommunicate with server 104. For example, vehicle 106 may be in anunderground garage, and may not have access to network 102. Inadditional embodiments, additional credential or necessary informationmay be stored on database 116 in case vehicle computing device 108cannot communicate with network 102.

Authorization program 110 controls the authorizing of the necessaryinformation to permit the driver to operate vehicle 106. Authorizationprogram 110 also controls the signaling to vehicle 106 to start, or tonot start because, by analyzing the information supplied to determine ifthe information is either incomplete or inaccurate. Authorizationprogram 110 communicates with NFC devices, such as, for example,driver's license, registration, insurance, license plates, as well asbiometrics, bar codes, magnetic stripes, optical character recognition,voice recognition, or additional forms of automatic identification anddata capture (hereinafter AIDC). These and additional NFC devices arecapable of either sending or receiving information, the ability to sendor receive information is decided by the purpose of the NFC device. Forexample, a NFC device related to the driver's license or license platesends information. Authorization program 110 is able to read the NFCdevices and any information stored on the NFC devices. In the depictedembodiment, authorization program 110 is a function of authorizationprogram 110 on server 104. In one embodiment, authorization program 110alerts the driver within a predetermined time period from the date ofexpiration of the license, registration, inspection, and insurance.

Database 114 may be a repository which may be written to and/or read byauthorization program 110. In one embodiment, information gathered byauthorization program 110 may be stored to database 114. Thisinformation gathered by authorization program 110 is regarding thecredentials for vehicle 106 and the driver. Such as driver's licenseinformation, insurance information, inspection information, orregistration information. In one embodiment, database 114 is a databasemanagement system (DBMS) used to allow the definition, creation,querying, update, and administration of a database(s). In the depictedembodiment, database 114 is stored on server 104. In additionalembodiments, database 114 may reside on another server or computingdevice, provided database 114 is accessible to authorization program110.

Database 116 may be a repository which may be written to and/or read byvehicle computing device 108 and detection program 113. In oneembodiment, information gathered by detection program 113 orauthorization program 110 may be stored to database 114. Thisinformation gathered by authorization program 110 is regarding thecredentials for vehicle 106 and the driver. Such as driver's licenseinformation, insurance information, inspection information, registrationinformation, list of drivers authorized to operate vehicle 106, orpre-check authorization information. In one embodiment, database 114 isa database management system (DBMS) used to allow the definition,creation, querying, update, and administration of a database(s). In thedepicted embodiment, database 114 is stored on vehicle computing device108. In additional embodiments, database 114 may reside on an additionalserver, or an additional computing device, provided database 114 isaccessible to detection program 113.

FIG. 2 depicts a flowchart of the operational step taken by detectionprogram 113 to detect and process a request to start a vehicle, withincomputing environment 100 of FIG. 1, in accordance with an embodiment ofthe present invention. Flowchart 200 depicts the processing of receivingthe request to start the vehicle and the validation process to verifythe request is valid.

In step 202, detection program 113 detects a request to start vehicle106. The request may come from, for example, a driver a key, Key Fob,smart phone application, additional forms of keyless entry, anotheractivation device, or an activation code. In additional embodiments, therequest may come from the driver from an external device, for example,an automatic starting system, a computer, or computing device. Inadditional embodiments, detection program 113 receives NFC credentialsregarding vehicle 106 and the driver attempting to operate vehicle 106.

In decision 204, detection program 113 determines if the credentials arevalid. In some embodiments, detection program 113 sends receivedcredential information to authorization program 110, and as described inFIG. 3, authorization program 110 compares the credentials to variousdatabases to determine whether the received credentials are valid. Thisstep is explained in greater detail in FIG. 3 with regard toauthorization program 110. In one embodiment, the steps described byauthorization program 110 are performed by detection program 113utilizing information from database 116. In one embodiment, detectionprogram 113 sends a request to authorization program 110 regarding thecredentials associated with vehicle 106. FIG. 3 describes theoperational step taken by authorization program 110 to determine if therequest is valid to start vehicle 106 through the validation of the RFIDfor each device. If detection program 113 determines that thecredentials are valid (YES branch, proceed to step 206), detectionprogram 113 causes vehicle 106 to start, or otherwise enablesfunctionality of vehicle 106. If detection program 113 determines thatthe credentials are invalid (NO branch, proceed to step 208), detectionprogram 113 prevents vehicle 106 from starting.

In step 206, detection program 113 signal vehicle 106 to start. In someembodiments, authorization program 110 sends a signal to detectionprogram 113 informing detection program 113 which of the credentials areverified and they detection program 113 should permit the driver toengage vehicle's 106 engine or power source, and allow vehicle 106 to beoperational. After detection program 113 signals vehicle 106 to start,the driver is now able to operate vehicle 106 on a public road or apublic way. In additional embodiments, detection program 113 may beinstructed to operate within private property, or additional areas whichare not public roads or public ways. Such an embodiment may be appliedto the use of farming or agricultural equipment, off-road vehicles, orvehicles which operate within international waters. In one embodiment,the information gathered by detection program 113 regarding vehicle 106and the driver is reported to a third party, a computer, a computingdevice, or stored in database 114.

In step 208, detection program 113 prevents vehicle 106 from starting.In one embodiment, if authorization program 110 determines thecredentials are not acceptable, authorization program 110 sends a signalto detection program 113 informing detection program 113 which of thecredentials are not verified and that detection program 113 should notallow vehicle's 106 engine or power source to start. In one embodiment,detection program 113 reports the information relating to denyingvehicle 106 the ability to start to a third party, a computer, acomputing device, or stored in a repository, for example, database 114or database 116. The information may be, for example, global positioningcoordinates of vehicle 106, the credentials which are no longer valid, avisual image or video from an onboard camera, audio from an onboardmicrophone, or additional information which may be pertinent to whyvehicle 106 is denied access to start. In additional embodiments, thedriver may have additional opportunity to present the correctcredentials after a predetermined time period. In one embodiment,detection program 113 grants the driver a set amount of attempts toinput an override code to start vehicle 106, before locking out thedriver. In one embodiment, detection program 113 alerts the authoritiesif vehicle 106 is disallowed to start. In additional embodiments,detection program 113 contacts the authorities to communicate with thedriver.

FIG. 3 depicts a flowchart of the operational step taken byauthorization program 110 to determine if the request is valid to starta vehicle, within computing environment 100 of FIG. 1, in accordancewith an embodiment of the present invention. Flowchart 300 depicts theindividual validation steps to determine if the request to operatevehicle 106 is valid, based on credentials received via RFID or otherNFC devices.

In decision 302, authorization program 110 determines if the insuranceis valid. The insurance may be valid if, for example, the insurance isthrough a verified provider, has not expired, meets a set ofpredetermined requirements regarding coverage and certified drivers forvehicle 106. The information is verified by, for example, accessing theinsurance provider's website via network 102, gathering the informationfrom database 114 or database 116, or additional means of gathering theinformation from the insurance provider. If authorization program 110determines the insurance is valid (YES branch, proceed to decision 304),authorization program 110 proceeds to determine if the license plate isvalid. If authorization program 110 determines the insurances is notvalid (NO branch, proceed to decision 312), authorization program 110proceeds to determine if the override code is valid. In one embodiment,authorization program 110 determines the insurance card is valid througha smart insurance card. The smart insurance card uses a RFID chipintegrated into the smart insurance card which authorization program 110reads through vehicle computing device 108 via network 102. In anadditional embodiment, authorization program 110 records eachdetermination of the insurance in a repository such as database 114. Inone embodiment, authorization program 110 communicates with detectionprogram 113 via network 102 to gather the information relating to theinsurance.

In decision 304, authorization program 110 determines if the licenseplate is valid. The license plate may, for example, have a RFID chipintegrated into the license plate including necessary informationregarding the make, model, and owner of vehicle 106. The license plateis valid if the license plate is registered with the appropriategoverning bodies, is verified to match with vehicle 106 identificationcode, or located correctly on vehicle 106 for proper visibility. Ifauthorization program 110 determines the license plate is valid (YESbranch, proceed to decision 306), authorization program 110 proceeds todetermine if the inspection is valid. If authorization program 110determines the license plate is not valid (NO branch, proceed todecision 312), authorization program 110 proceeds to determine if theoverride code is valid. In one embodiment, authorization program 110determines the license plate is valid through a smart license plate. Thesmart license plate uses a RFID chip integrated into the smart licenseplate which authorization program 110 reads through an onboard computerin vehicle 106 over network 102. In an additional embodiment,authorization program 110 records each determination of the licenseplate in a repository such as database 114. In one embodiment,authorization program 110 communicates with detection program 113 vianetwork 102 to gather the information relating to the license plate.

In decision 306, authorization program 110 determines if the inspectionis valid. The inspection is valid if the inspection is performed by acertified mechanic, meets the requirements set forth by the governingbody, is presented on vehicle 106 as required by the governing body, oris a vehicle 106 which does not require an inspection. If authorizationprogram 110 determines the inspection is valid (YES branch, proceed todecision 308), authorization program 110 proceeds to determine if thedriver's license is valid. If authorization program 110 determines theinspection is not valid (NO branch, proceed to decision 312),authorization program 110 proceeds to determine if the override code isvalid. In one embodiment, authorization program 110 determines theinspection is valid through a smart inspection sticker. The smartinspection sticker uses a RFID chip integrated into the smart inspectionsticker which authorization program 110 reads through an onboardcomputer in vehicle 106 over network 102. In an additional embodiment,authorization program 110 records each determination of the inspectionin a repository such as database 114. In one embodiment, authorizationprogram 110 communicates with detection program 113 via network 102 togather the information relating to the inspection of vehicle 106.

In decision 308, authorization program 110 determines if the driver'slicense is valid. A driver's license may have NFC technologyincorporated to allow a NFC receiver to gather information from thedriver's license. the information is gathered by detection program 113when the driver is in vehicle 106, or within reach of the NFC receiverlocated on or within vehicle 106 and sent to authorization program 110to make the determination if the driver's license is valid or not. Toverify the driver's license is valid, some factors may be, for example,if the driver's license is processed by the correct governing body, hasnot expired, is the proper class or rank for vehicle 106, or has notbeen modified or altered. The proper class of vehicle 106 relates to thedifferent driving licenses related to the type of vehicle, vehicle 106is. For example, a car requires a different driver's license than a bus,motorcycle, boat, tractor trailer, or motorhome. In some embodiments,additional attributes may be associated with the driver's licenseregarding times when the driver may operate the vehicle, or whichvehicles the driver may operate. For example keeping night-visionimpaired drivers from driving at night, keeping children fromunauthorized use of an expressly prohibited car, allow an insurancecompany to govern the compliance of specific drivers for specificvehicles, and preventing thieves from stealing and using license plateson additional vehicles.

If, in decision 308, authorization program 110 determines if thedriver's license is valid (YES branch, proceed to decision 310),authorization program 110 proceeds to determine if the combination isvalid. If authorization program 110 determines the driver's license isnot valid (NO branch, proceed to decision 312), authorization program110 proceeds to determine if the override code is valid. In oneembodiment, authorization program 110 determines the driver's license isvalid through a smart driver's license. The smart driver's license usesa RFID chip integrated into the smart driver's license whichauthorization program 110 reads through an onboard computer in vehicle106 over network 102. In additional embodiments, authorization program110 uses forms of biometric identification, for example, fingerprint,hand geometry, retina and iris scan, facial recognition, voice analysis,and additional forms of biometric identification to determine driver areapproved to operate vehicle 106. In an additional embodiment,authorization program 110 records each determination of the inspectionin a repository such as database 114.

In decision 310, authorization program 110 determines if a combinationis valid. The combination is the credentials which are used to verifyvehicle 106 and the driver to determine if vehicle 106 is safe tooperate and the driver is verified to drive vehicle 106. The combinationis valid if the prior information is correct based on vehicle 106requirements and the information related to the driver. In the depictedembodiment, if the credentials listed in steps 302 through 308 arerequired to be verified for the combination to be valid. In additionalembodiments, the credentials are required to be verified. This may bedue to different towns, counties, states, nations, or additional regionshaving different requirements as to what a driver is required to haveand what requirements a vehicle (e.g., vehicle 106) is required to havebefore allowing the vehicle to operate on a public road, or a publicway. In additional embodiments, additional credentials may be requiredwhich are processed in a similar method by authorization program 110,the use of additional credentials being, for example due to governmentrequirements which a driver must produce regarding themselves andvehicle 106 which the driver is attempting to operate. If authorizationprogram 110 determines the combination is valid (YES branch, proceed tostep 206), authorization program 110 proceeds to signal vehicle tostart. If authorization program 110 determines the insurances is notvalid (NO branch, proceed to decision 312), authorization program 110proceeds to determine if an override code is valid.

In decision 312, authorization program 110 determines if an overridecode is valid. The override code may be used if vehicle 106 needs to betaken to a location to renew or update the information which causederror, or the override code may be used if the driver was locked out ofvehicle 106 because of too many attempts at starting vehicle 106. Anoverride code allows a driver who is not approved to operate vehicle106, use vehicle 106. The override code may be, for example, a code, adevice, or a verification from a third party to allow the driver whichwas not approved to operate vehicle 106. If authorization program 110determines the override code is valid (YES branch, proceed to step 206),authorization program 110 proceeds to signal vehicle to start. Ifauthorization program 110 determines the override code is not valid (NObranch, proceed to decision 312), authorization program 110 proceeds todetermine if the situation vehicle 106 is in is an emergency situation.In one embodiment, there is one override code for the driver. Inadditional embodiments, there may be several override codes, associatedwith each validation and specific to the driver. In one embodiment,authorization program 110 communicates with detection program 113 vianetwork 102 to gather the information relating to the override code.

In decision 314, authorization program 110 determines if vehicle 106 isinvolved in an emergency situation. An emergency situation is asituation which poses an immediate risk to health, life, property, orenvironment. The emergency situation may require urgent intervention toprevent a worsening of the situation. In one embodiment, the driver, athird party, or an emergency personnel may determine if the situationvehicle 106 is in is an emergency situation. In additional embodiments,authorization program 110 gathers information relating to the situationof vehicle 106 through detection program 113 which accesses vehiclecomputing device 108 which may include information relating to thecondition of vehicle 106 or information gathered from sensors oradditional devices within vehicle 106. In additional embodiments, anexternal source determines if the situation vehicle 106 is in is anemergency situation, and permits the driver to operate vehicle 106. Ifauthorization program 110 determines vehicle 106 is in an emergencysituation (YES branch, proceed to step 206), authorization program 110communicates with detection program 113, informing detection program 113to signal vehicle to start. If authorization program 110 determinesvehicle 106 is not in an emergency situation (NO branch, proceed to step206), authorization program 110 communicates with detection program 113,informing detection program 113 to disallow the vehicle from start.

In additional embodiments, authorization program 110 reports an accidentto a third party which determines if the situation vehicle 106 isinvolved in is an emergency situation. Authorization program 110communicates with detection program 113 regarding vehicle's 106 internalcomputer systems which may include information regarding a potentialemergency situation, such as, air bag deployment, crash sensorinformation, or audio or visual information relating to the occupantsand the area around vehicle 106. In additional embodiments,authorization program 110 alerts an emergency service once,authorization program 110 receives an indication vehicle 106 is involvedin an accident or additional emergency situation. In additionalembodiments, if the driver calls 911 while in vehicle 106, authorizationprogram 110 determines the situation vehicle 106 is involved in anemergency situation. In additional embodiments, once authorizationprogram 110 determines vehicle 106 is involved in an emergencysituation, authorization program 110 activates vehicle 106's globalpositioning system (hereinafter GPS), on-board camera, and audio systemto record the driver and passengers and broadcasts the information tothe proper authorities.

In additional embodiments, for vehicular accidents, the RFID tags usedin conjunction with vehicle impact sensors may provide vehicle ownershipinformation in certain circumstances such as hit and run accidents. Forexample, vehicle 106 gets struck in a parking lot. An impact or shocksensor of vehicle 106 detects the incident and vehicle computing device108 activates one of the reachable RFID tags, to gather information fromthe additional vehicle involved in the incident. An owner could take theinformation to law enforcement and officers could investigate based onthe nearest RFID tags in proximity at the time of the accident.

FIG. 4 depicts a block diagram 400 depicting the internal and externalcomponents of the server and the vehicle computing device of FIG. 1, inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention. It should beappreciated FIG. 4 provides only an illustration of one implementationand does not imply any limitations with regard to the environments inwhich different embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications tothe depicted environment may be made.

Server 104 and vehicle computing device 108, each include communicationsfabric 402, which provides communications between computer processor(s)404, memory 406, persistent storage 408, communications unit 410, andinput/output (I/O) interface(s) 412. Communications fabric 402 may beimplemented with any architecture designed for passing data and/orcontrol information between processors (such as microprocessors,communications and network processors, etc.), system memory, peripheraldevices, and any additional hardware components within a system. Forexample, communications fabric 402 may be implemented with one or morebuses.

Memory 406 and persistent storage 408 are computer-readable storagemedia. In one embodiment, memory 406 includes random access memory (RAM)and cache memory 414. In general, memory 406 may include any suitablevolatile or non-volatile computer-readable storage media.

Memory 406 is stored for execution by one or more of the respectivecomputer processors 404 of server 104 and vehicle computing device 108via one or more respective memories of memory 406 of server 104 andvehicle computing device 108. In the depicted embodiment, persistentstorage 408 includes a magnetic hard disk drive. Alternatively, or inaddition to a magnetic hard disk drive, persistent storage 408 mayinclude a solid state hard drive, a semiconductor storage device,read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM),flash memory, or any additional computer-readable storage media which iscapable of storing program instructions or digital information.

The media used by persistent storage 408 may also be removable. Forexample, a removable hard drive may be used for persistent storage 408.Additional examples include optical and magnetic disks, thumb drives,and smart cards which are inserted into a drive for transfer ontoadditional computer-readable storage medium which is also part ofpersistent storage 408.

Communications unit 410, in the examples, provides for communicationswith additional data processing systems or devices, including server 104and vehicle computing device 108. In the examples, communications unit410 includes one or more network interface cards. Communications unit410 may provide communications through the use of either or bothphysical and wireless communications links.

I/O interface(s) 412 allows for input and output of data with additionaldevices which may be connected to server 104 and vehicle computingdevice 108. For example, I/O interface 412 may provide a connection toexternal devices 416 such as a keyboard, keypad, camera, a touch screen,and/or some additional suitable input device. External devices 416 mayalso include portable computer-readable storage media such as, forexample, thumb drives, portable optical or magnetic disks, and memorycards. Software and data used to practice embodiments of the presentinvention, e.g., function of authorization program 110 and detectionprogram 113 may be stored on such portable computer-readable storagemedia and may be loaded onto persistent storage 408 of server 104 andvehicle computing device 108 via I/O interface(s) 412 of server 104 andvehicle computing device 108. Software and data used to practiceembodiments of the present invention, e.g., authorization program 110and detection program 113 may be stored on such portablecomputer-readable storage media and may be loaded onto persistentstorage 408 of server 104 and vehicle computing device 108 via I/Ointerface(s) 412 of server 104 and vehicle computing device 108. I/Ointerface(s) 412 also connect to a display 418.

Display 418 provides a mechanism to display data to a user and may be,for example, a computer monitor.

The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computerprogram product. The computer program product may include a computerreadable storage medium (or media) having computer readable programinstructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of thepresent invention.

The computer readable storage medium may be a tangible device which mayretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or additionalfreely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic wavespropagating through a waveguide or additional transmission media (e.g.,light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signalstransmitted through a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein may bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may includecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in anycombination of one or more programming languages, including an objectoriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, andconventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C”programming language or similar programming languages. The computerreadable program instructions may execute entirely on the user'scomputer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone softwarepackage, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computeror entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario,the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through anytype of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide areanetwork (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer(for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example,programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), orprogrammable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readableprogram instructions by utilizing state information of the computerreadable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry,to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, may be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, oradditional programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine,such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of thecomputer or additional programmable data processing apparatus, createmeans for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchartand/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable programinstructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage mediumwhich may direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus,and/or additional devices to function in a particular manner, such thatthe computer readable storage medium having instructions stored thereinincludes an article of manufacture including instructions whichimplement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/orblock diagram block or blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, additional programmable data processing apparatus, oradditional device to cause a series of operational steps to be performedon the computer, additional programmable apparatus or additional deviceto produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructionswhich execute on the computer, additional programmable apparatus, oradditional device implement the functions/acts specified in theflowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods, and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a device, segment, or portionof instructions, which includes one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternativeimplementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of theorder noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in successionmay, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks maysometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon thefunctionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of theblock diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocksin the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, may be implementedby special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specifiedfunctions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardwareand computer instructions.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for automated vehicle authorization, themethod comprising: dynamically determining, by one or more processors,which credentials for a person and a first vehicle are required based onthe location of the first vehicle; receiving a first set of credentialsfrom at least a first near field communication device, wherein the firstset of credentials indicates information about the person, and whereinthe information about the person comprises a license document and arestriction on what time of day the person may operate any vehicle;receiving a second set of credentials from at least a second near fieldcommunication device, wherein the second set of credentials indicatesinformation about the first vehicle, and wherein the information aboutthe first vehicle comprises a restriction on what type of roadway thefirst vehicle can be operated; comparing, by one or more processors, thefirst set of credentials to the second set of credentials; determining,by one or more processors, whether the person indicated by the first setof credentials has authority to operate the first vehicle, based on, atleast, the comparison of the first set of credentials to the second setof credentials and a current time of day; determining, by one or moreprocessors, that a date of expiration of the license document is withina predetermined time period; sending, by one or more processors, analert that the date of expiration of the license document is within thepredetermined time period; receiving, by one or more processors, anindication of an emergency from the person; alerting, by one or moreprocessors, an emergency service of the indication of the emergency;activating, by one or more processors, at least one device capable ofmonitoring an aspect of the emergency; receiving data from the at leastone device capable of monitoring an aspect of the emergency of the firstvehicle; determining, by one or more processors, that the first vehiclehas been involved in an accident, based on the received data; causing,by one or more processors, a near field communication device reader toscan for a third set of credentials from at least a third near fieldcommunication device associated with a second vehicle, wherein the thirdset of credentials is associated with the second vehicle; and storing,by one or more processors, the third set of credentials.
 2. The methodof claim 1, wherein the first set of credentials further comprises abiometric identifier, wherein the biometric identifier is a facialrecognition device that compares a snapshot of the person's face to thelicense document photo.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second setof credentials comprises at least one of a license plate and aninspection document.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:responsive to determining that the person indicated by the first set ofcredentials has authority to operate the first vehicle, permitting, byone or more processors, the first vehicle to be operated.
 5. The methodof claim 1, further comprising: responsive to determining that theperson indicated by the first set of credentials does not have authorityto operate the first vehicle, requesting, by one or more processors,input of an override code; receiving the override code; and permitting,by one or more processors, the first vehicle to be operated.
 6. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the third set of credentials is associatedwith an operator of the second vehicle.
 7. The method of claim 1,wherein the type of roadway is a private property.
 8. A computer programproduct for automated vehicle authorization, the computer programproduct comprising: one or more computer readable storage media andprogram instructions stored on the one or more computer readable storagemedia, the program instructions comprising: program instructions todynamically determine which credentials for a person and a first vehicleare required based on the location of the first vehicle; programinstructions to receive a first set of credentials from at least a firstnear field communication device, wherein the first set of credentialsindicates information about a person, and wherein the information aboutthe person comprises a license document and a restriction on what timeof day the person may operate any vehicle; program instructions toreceive a second set of credentials from at least a second near fieldcommunication device, wherein the second set of credentials indicatesinformation about a first vehicle, and wherein the information about thefirst vehicle comprises a restriction on what type of roadway the firstvehicle can be operated; program instructions to compare the first setof credentials to the second set of credentials; program instructions todetermine whether the person indicated by the first set of credentialshas authority to operate the first vehicle, based on, at least, thecomparison of the first set of credentials to the second set ofcredentials and a current time of day; program instructions to determinethat a date of expiration of the license document is within apredetermined time period; program instructions to send an alert thatthe date of expiration of the license document is within thepredetermined time period; program instructions to receive an indicationof an emergency from the person; program instructions to alert anemergency service of the indication of the emergency; programinstructions to activate at least one device capable of monitoring anaspect of the emergency; program instructions to receive data from theat least one device capable of monitoring an aspect of the emergency ofthe first vehicle; program instructions to determine that the firstvehicle has been involved in an accident, based on the received data;program instructions to cause a near field communication device readerto scan for a third set of credentials from at least a third near fieldcommunication device associated with a second vehicle, wherein the thirdset of credentials is associated with the second vehicle; and programinstructions to store the third set of credentials.
 9. The computerprogram product of claim 8, further comprising: program instructions,stored on the computer readable storage media for execution by at leastone of the one or more processors, to, responsive to determining thatthe person indicated by the first set of credentials does not haveauthority to operate the first vehicle request input of an overridecode; program instructions, stored on the computer readable storagemedia for execution by at least one of the one or more processors, toreceive the override code; and program instructions, stored on thecomputer readable storage media for execution by at least one of the oneor more processors, to permit the first vehicle to be operated.
 10. Thecomputer program product of claim 8, wherein the type of roadway is aprivate property.
 11. The computer program product of claim 8, whereinthe first set of credentials further comprises a biometric identifier,wherein the biometric identifier is a facial recognition device thatcompares a snapshot of the person's face to the license document photo.12. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the second set ofcredentials comprises at least one of a license plate and an inspectiondocument.
 13. The computer program product of claim 8, furthercomprising: program instructions to, responsive to determining that theperson indicated by the first set of credentials has authority tooperate the first vehicle, permit the first vehicle to be operated. 14.The computer program product of claim 8, wherein the third set ofcredentials is associated with an operator of the second vehicle.
 15. Acomputer system for automated vehicle authorization, the computer systemcomprising: one or more computer processors, one or more computerreadable storage media, and program instructions stored on the one ormore computer readable storage media for execution by at least one ofthe one or more processors, the program instructions comprising: programinstructions to dynamically determine which credentials for a person anda first vehicle are required based on the location of the first vehicle;program instructions to receive a first set of credentials from at leasta first near field communication device, wherein the first set ofcredentials indicates information about a person, and wherein theinformation about the person comprises a license document and arestriction on what time of day the person may operate any vehicle;program instructions to receive a second set of credentials from atleast a second near field communication device, wherein the second setof credentials indicates information about a first vehicle, and whereinthe information about the first vehicle comprises a restriction on whattype of roadway the first vehicle can be operated; program instructionsto compare the first set of credentials to the second set ofcredentials; program instructions to determine whether the personindicated by the first set of credentials has authority to operate thefirst vehicle, based on, at least, the comparison of the first set ofcredentials to the second set of credentials and a current time of day;program instructions to determine that a date of expiration of thelicense document is within a predetermined time period; programinstructions to send an alert that the date of expiration of the licensedocument is within the predetermined time period; program instructionsto receive an indication of an emergency from the person; programinstructions to alert an emergency service of the indication of theemergency; program instructions to activate at least one device capableof monitoring an aspect of the emergency; program instructions toreceive data from the at least one device capable of monitoring anaspect of the emergency of the first vehicle; program instructions todetermine that the first vehicle has been involved in an accident, basedon the received data; program instructions to cause a near fieldcommunication device reader to scan for a third set of credentials fromat least a third near field communication device associated with asecond vehicle, wherein the third set of credentials is associated withthe second vehicle; and program instructions to store the third set ofcredentials.
 16. The computer system of claim 15, further comprising:program instructions, stored on the computer readable storage media forexecution by at least one of the one or more processors, to, responsiveto determining that the person indicated by the first set of credentialsdoes not have authority to operate the first vehicle request input of anoverride code; program instructions, stored on the computer readablestorage media for execution by at least one of the one or moreprocessors, to receive the override code; and program instructions,stored on the computer readable storage media for execution by at leastone of the one or more processors, to permit the first vehicle to beoperated.
 18. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the first set ofcredentials further comprises a biometric identifier, wherein thebiometric identifier is a facial recognition device that compares asnapshot of the person's face to the license document photo.
 19. Thecomputer system of claim 15, wherein the second set of credentialscomprises at least one of a license plate and an inspection document.20. The computer system of claim 15, wherein the third set ofcredentials is associated with an operator of the second vehicle.